SMAD4

SMAD4
ساختارهای موجود
PDB	جستجوی هم‌ساخت‌شناسی: PDBe RCSB
فهرست شناسه‌های PDB
	1DD1, 1G88, 1MR1, 1U7F, 1U7V, 1YGS, 5MEY, 5MEZ, 5MF0
معین‌کننده‌ها
نام‌های دیگر	SMAD4, DPC4, JIP, MADH4, MYHRS, SMAD family member 4
شناسه‌های بیرونی	OMIM: 600993 MGI: 894293 HomoloGene: 31310 GeneCards: SMAD4
موقعیت ژن (موش)
کروموزوم	کروموزوم ۱۸ (موش)
پایان	73,836,851 bp
الگوی گسترش RNA
	; ;
	More reference expression data
هستی‌شناسی ژن
عملکرد ملکولی	• protein homodimerization activity; • protein heterodimerization activity; • RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; • metal ion binding; • DNA binding; • GO:0001131، GO:0001151، GO:0001130، GO:0001204 DNA-binding transcription factor activity; • sequence-specific DNA binding; • GO:0001158 cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; • GO:0001077، GO:0001212، GO:0001213، GO:0001211، GO:0001205 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; • I-SMAD binding; • collagen binding; • GO:0001948، GO:0016582 پیوند پروتئینی; • GO:0000980 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; • R-SMAD binding; • identical protein binding; • sulfate binding; • GO:0001200، GO:0001133، GO:0001201 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; • GO:0001104 transcription coregulator activity; • molecular function regulator; • chromatin binding;
ترکیبات سلولی	• هسته یاخته; • سیتوپلاسم; • transcription regulator complex; • activin responsive factor complex; • intracellular anatomical structure; • RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex; • نوکلئوپلاسم; • میان‌تن; • سیتوزول; • SMAD protein complex;
فرایند زیستی	• negative regulation of cell population proliferation; • اسپرماتوژنز; • positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation; • positive regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion; • regulation of cell population proliferation; • cardiac septum development; • negative regulation of cell death; • regulation of hair follicle development; • cellular response to BMP stimulus; • epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation; • brainstem development; • تکثیر سلولی; • regulation of binding; • SMAD protein complex assembly; • metanephric mesenchyme morphogenesis; • positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition; • GO:0007329 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus; • GO:0044324، GO:0003256، GO:1901213، GO:0046019، GO:0046020، GO:1900094، GO:0061216، GO:0060994، GO:1902064، GO:0003258، GO:0072212 regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; • branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis; • GO:0009373 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • embryonic digit morphogenesis; • uterus development; • هدایت آسه; • somatic stem cell population maintenance; • لایه‌زایی; • positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation; • GO:0045996 negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • response to transforming growth factor beta; • endothelial cell activation; • positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; • single fertilization; • transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; • anterior/posterior pattern specification; • in utero embryonic development; • positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis; • atrioventricular valve formation; • GO:0007243 intracellular signal transduction; • developmental growth; • endoderm development; • cellular iron ion homeostasis; • kidney development; • GO:0007364، GO:0007361، GO:0007358 formation of anatomical boundary; • positive regulation of histone H3-K9 acetylation; • regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production; • interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway; • GO:1901227 negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; • male gonad development; • ovarian follicle development; • endocardial cell differentiation; • nephrogenic mesenchyme morphogenesis; • gastrulation with mouth forming second; • female gonad development; • SMAD protein signal transduction; • response to hypoxia; • atrioventricular canal development; • mesoderm development; • negative regulation of cell growth; • GO:0060469، GO:0009371 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • BMP signaling pathway; • tissue morphogenesis; • GO:0003257، GO:0010735، GO:1901228، GO:1900622، GO:1904488 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; • positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction; • somite rostral/caudal axis specification; • sebaceous gland development; • positive regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion; • positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway; • neural crest cell differentiation; • seminiferous tubule development; • female gonad morphogenesis; • regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; • neuron fate commitment; • transcription, DNA-templated; • outflow tract septum morphogenesis; • left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis; • negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy; • protein deubiquitination; • ventricular septum morphogenesis; • negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; • negative regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly; • protein homotrimerization; • pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II; • secondary palate development; • anatomical structure morphogenesis; • دگرگونی یاخته‌; • mesendoderm development;
	منابع: آمیگو / کوئیک‌گو
هم‌ساخت‌شناسی
	4089
	17128
	ENSG00000141646
	ENSMUSG00000024515
	Q13485
	P97471
	NM_005359
	XM_006525701، XM_011246855، NM_001364967، NM_001364968، NR_157374 NM_008540، XM_006525701، XM_011246855، NM_001364967، NM_001364968، NR_157374
	NP_005350
	XP_006525764، XP_011245157، NP_001351896، NP_001351897 NP_032566، XP_006525764، XP_011245157، NP_001351896، NP_001351897
	ویکی‌داده
مشاهده/ویرایش انسان	مشاهده/ویرایش موش

هم‌ساخت ۴ مادران مخالف دکپنتاپلجیک (انگلیسی: Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4) یک پروتئین است که در انسان توسط ژن «SMAD4» کُدگذاری می‌شود.^[۴] این پروتئین در تمامی جانوران یافت می‌شود و عضوی از خانواده بزرگ SMAD است که این نیز به نوبهٔ خود، جزئی از اَبَرخانوادهٔ فاکتور رشد تغییردهنده بتا است. نقش این پروتئین، تعدیل پیام‌هایی است که توسط فاکتور رشد تغییردهنده بتا آغاز می‌شود و در رشد رویان، هم‌ایستایی بافت‌ها، بازسازی بافتی و تنظیم دستگاه ایمنی دخیل است. نقش‌های دیگر این پروتئین شامل تمایز سلولی، آپوپتوز، لایه‌زایی، رویان‌زایی و دخالت در چرخه سلول است.

این مولکول، یک پپتید با ۵۲۲ اسید آمینه است که وزن مولکولی‌اش ۶۰٫۴۳۹ کیلو دالتون است. ژن «SMAD4» از ۵۴۸۲۹ جفت باز تشکیل شده که در ناحیهٔ ۲۱٫۱ از بازوی بلند کروموزوم ۱۸ قرار گرفته‌اند.^[۵]^[۶]

پروتئین SMAD4 یک سوبسترا برای پروتئین کیناز فعال‌شده با میتوژن^[۷] و GSK-3^[۸] است.

اهمیت بالینی[ویرایش]

اختلال در عملکرد این پروتئین موجب افزایش احتمال سرطان روده بزرگ و سرطان لوزالمعده^[۹] می‌گردد.^[۱۰]

جهش در ژن «SMAD4» سبب بروز سندرم می‌یر می‌گردد که نوعی اختلال ژنتیکی نادر است و که مشخصه‌اش، ناتوانی‌های ذهنی، قد کوتاه، مشخصات غیرطبیعی چهره و چندین ناهنجاری استخوانی است.^[۱۱]^[۱۲] این سندرم نخستین بار در سال ۱۹۸۱ توسط پزشک آمریکایی «سِـلما اِی. می‌یر» کشف و توصیف شد.

جستارهای وابسته[ویرایش]

مادران مخالف دکپنتاپلجیک

منابع[ویرایش]

↑ ^۱٫۰ ^۱٫۱ ^۱٫۲ GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024515 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Massagué, Joan (2012). "TGFβ signalling in context". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (به انگلیسی). 13 (10): 616–630. doi:10.1038/nrm3434. ISSN 1471-0080. PMC 4027049. PMID 22992590.
↑ "SMAD4 SMAD family member 4". Entrez Gene.
↑ "SMAD 4". The Genetics Home Reference Website.
↑ Roelen BA, Cohen OS, Raychowdhury MK, Chadee DN, Zhang Y, Kyriakis JM, Alessandrini AA, Lin HY (Oct 2003). "Phosphorylation of threonine 276 in Smad4 is involved in transforming growth factor-beta-induced nuclear accumulation". American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. 285 (4): C823–30. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00053.2003. PMID 12801888.
↑ Demagny H, Araki T, De Robertis EM (Oct 2014). "The tumor suppressor Smad4/DPC4 is regulated by phosphorylations that integrate FGF, Wnt, and TGF-β signaling". Cell Reports. 9 (2): 688–700. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.020. PMID 25373906.
↑ Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K. (2005). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease (7th ed.). St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-0187-1. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
↑ Demagny, Hadrien; De Robertis, Edward M. (2015). "Point Mutations in the Tumor Suppressor Smad4/DPC4 Enhance its Phosphorylation by GSK3 and Reversibly Inactivate TGF-β Signaling". Molecular & Cellular Oncology. 3 (1): e1025181. doi:10.1080/23723556.2015.1025181. PMC 4845174. PMID 27308538. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
↑ "Growth-Mental Deficiency Syndrome of Myhre". National Organization for rare disorders. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
↑ Caputo V, Bocchinfuso G, Castori M, Traversa A, Pizzuti A, Stella L, Grammatico P, Tartaglia M (Jul 2014). "Novel SMAD4 mutation causing Myhre syndrome". American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A. 164A (7): 1835–40. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.36544. PMID 24715504.

مشارکت‌کنندگان ویکی‌پدیا. «Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4». در دانشنامهٔ ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی، بازبینی‌شده در ۱۵ مارس ۲۰۲۰.

برای مطالعهٔ بیشتر[ویرایش]

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Verschueren K, Huylebroeck D (2000). "Remarkable versatility of Smad proteins in the nucleus of transforming growth factor-beta activated cells". Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews. 10 (3–4): 187–99. doi:10.1016/S1359-6101(99)00012-X. PMID 10647776.
Massagué J (1998). "TGF-beta signal transduction". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 67: 753–91. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.753. PMID 9759503.
Klein-Scory S, Zapatka M, Eilert-Micus C, Hoppe S, Schwarz E, Schmiegel W, Hahn SA, Schwarte-Waldhoff I (2008). "High-level inducible Smad4-reexpression in the cervical cancer cell line C4-II is associated with a gene expression profile that predicts a preferential role of Smad4 in extracellular matrix composition". BMC Cancer. 7: 209. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-7-209. PMC 2186346. PMID 17997817.
Kalo E, Buganim Y, Shapira KE, Besserglick H, Goldfinger N, Weisz L, Stambolsky P, Henis YI, Rotter V (Dec 2007). "Mutant p53 attenuates the SMAD-dependent transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) signaling pathway by repressing the expression of TGF-beta receptor type II". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 27 (23): 8228–42. doi:10.1128/MCB.00374-07. PMC 2169171. PMID 17875924.
Aretz S, Stienen D, Uhlhaas S, Stolte M, Entius MM, Loff S, Back W, Kaufmann A, Keller KM, Blaas SH, Siebert R, Vogt S, Spranger S, Holinski-Feder E, Sunde L, Propping P, Friedl W (Nov 2007). "High proportion of large genomic deletions and a genotype phenotype update in 80 unrelated families with juvenile polyposis syndrome". Journal of Medical Genetics. 44 (11): 702–9. doi:10.1136/jmg.2007.052506. PMC 2752176. PMID 17873119.
Ali S, Cohen C, Little JV, Sequeira JH, Mosunjac MB, Siddiqui MT (Oct 2007). "The utility of SMAD4 as a diagnostic immunohistochemical marker for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and its expression in other solid tumors". Diagnostic Cytopathology. 35 (10): 644–8. doi:10.1002/dc.20715. PMID 17854080.
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Salek C, Benesova L, Zavoral M, Nosek V, Kasperova L, Ryska M, Strnad R, Traboulsi E, Minarik M (Jul 2007). "Evaluation of clinical relevance of examining K-ras, p16 and p53 mutations along with allelic losses at 9p and 18q in EUS-guided fine needle aspiration samples of patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 13 (27): 3714–20. doi:10.3748/wjg.v13.i27.3714. PMC 4250643. PMID 17659731.
Sebestyén A, Hajdu M, Kis L, Barna G, Kopper L (Sep 2007). "Smad4-independent, PP2A-dependent apoptotic effect of exogenous transforming growth factor beta 1 in lymphoma cells". Experimental Cell Research. 313 (15): 3167–74. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.05.028. PMID 17643425.
Martin MM, Buckenberger JA, Jiang J, Malana GE, Knoell DL, Feldman DS, Elton TS (Sep 2007). "TGF-beta1 stimulates human AT1 receptor expression in lung fibroblasts by cross talk between the Smad, p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K signaling pathways". American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 293 (3): L790–9. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00099.2007. PMC 2413071. PMID 17601799.
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[refGRCm38Ensembl-1] ۱٫۰ ^۱٫۱ ^۱٫۲ GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024515 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[3] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] Massagué, Joan (2012). "TGFβ signalling in context". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (به انگلیسی). 13 (10): 616–630. doi:10.1038/nrm3434. ISSN 1471-0080. PMC 4027049. PMID 22992590.

[entrez-5] "SMAD4 SMAD family member 4". Entrez Gene.

[gene_library-6] "SMAD 4". The Genetics Home Reference Website.

[7] Roelen BA, Cohen OS, Raychowdhury MK, Chadee DN, Zhang Y, Kyriakis JM, Alessandrini AA, Lin HY (Oct 2003). "Phosphorylation of threonine 276 in Smad4 is involved in transforming growth factor-beta-induced nuclear accumulation". American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. 285 (4): C823–30. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00053.2003. PMID 12801888.

[8] Demagny H, Araki T, De Robertis EM (Oct 2014). "The tumor suppressor Smad4/DPC4 is regulated by phosphorylations that integrate FGF, Wnt, and TGF-β signaling". Cell Reports. 9 (2): 688–700. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.020. PMID 25373906.

[isbn0-7216-0187-1-9] Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K. (2005). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease (7th ed.). St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-0187-1. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

[10] Demagny, Hadrien; De Robertis, Edward M. (2015). "Point Mutations in the Tumor Suppressor Smad4/DPC4 Enhance its Phosphorylation by GSK3 and Reversibly Inactivate TGF-β Signaling". Molecular & Cellular Oncology. 3 (1): e1025181. doi:10.1080/23723556.2015.1025181. PMC 4845174. PMID 27308538. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

[11] "Growth-Mental Deficiency Syndrome of Myhre". National Organization for rare disorders. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2020.

[12] Caputo V, Bocchinfuso G, Castori M, Traversa A, Pizzuti A, Stella L, Grammatico P, Tartaglia M (Jul 2014). "Novel SMAD4 mutation causing Myhre syndrome". American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A. 164A (7): 1835–40. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.36544. PMID 24715504.

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